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L1.2 — Internet Architecture covers the historical development of the Internet from ARPANET in 1969 to today's global network architecture, exploring how packet-switched networks evolved into the modern Internet through collaborative protocol development and standardization.

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📋 At a Glance

• [ ] Review the history of ARPANET and packet-switched networks from 1969
• [ ] Understand the collaborative development of Internet protocols (RFC system)
• [ ] Study the TCP/IP layered model and how packets flow between layers
• [ ] Learn about ISP hierarchies and Internet exchange points
• [ ] Examine submarine cables and physical Internet infrastructure
• [ ] Understand DNS system and domain name resolution
• [ ] Review modern Internet applications (cloud, streaming, gaming)
• [ ] Practice identifying network components in simplified diagrams

1. Internet History and Development

ARPANET Origins (1969)

ARPANET was the first wide-area Packet Switched Network (PSN) that laid the foundation for today's Internet. In 1969, researchers connected large computer centers across locations including Aberdeen (Scotland) and London, demonstrating that computers could be linked over cables using packet switching.

The key innovation was packet switching - putting data into packets that could travel from point A to point B across the network, even when the exact route wasn't predetermined.

Collaborative Protocol Development

The Internet protocols weren't developed by a single organization. Instead, they emerged through international collaboration:

• Contributors: UCLA, Stanford, Utah (USA), groups in Norway and France, University College London, National Physical Laboratory
• 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn coined the term "Internet" (short for "Internetwork") in RFC 675